Which of the following is considered a restorative dental procedure?

A restorative dental procedure is one that is designed to repair or restore the function and integrity of teeth that have been damaged due to decay, trauma, or other issues. Cavity filling specifically fits this definition, as it involves removing decayed material from a tooth and filling it with a material (like composite resin, amalgam, or glass ionomer) that restores the tooth's structure and function.

In contrast, teeth whitening focuses on enhancing the aesthetic appearance of teeth through bleaching agents, rather than restoring dental integrity. Extraction refers to the removal of a tooth entirely, which does not restore but rather eliminates a dental structure. Teeth cleaning is a preventive measure aimed at removing plaque and tartar to maintain oral health but does not repair or restore teeth. Thus, cavity filling stands out as the only option that actively restores a tooth's function and structural integrity.