What occurs when bacteria in biofilm convert sugar from food into acid?

When bacteria in biofilm convert sugar from food into acid, the primary consequence is dental decay. This process begins when dietary sugars, particularly fermentable carbohydrates, are metabolized by the bacteria present in dental plaque (the biofilm). As the bacteria consume these sugars, they excrete acids as byproducts.

These acids can erode the enamel—the hard, protective outer layer of the teeth—over time. When enamel is demineralized due to prolonged exposure to these acids, it can lead to cavities. If not addressed through proper dental hygiene or preventive measures, this process can progress further, resulting in more serious dental problems.

While other conditions like tooth sensitivity or gum disease can be influenced by oral bacteria and poor hygiene, they are not directly caused by the conversion of sugars into acid in the same manner as dental decay. Oral cancer has different etiological factors and is not directly related to the action of biofilm on sugars. Therefore, dental decay is the most accurate outcome of the described process.