What does the term "extraction" refer to in dentistry?

The term "extraction" in dentistry specifically refers to the removal of a tooth from its socket in the bone. This procedure is performed for various reasons, including severe tooth decay, gum disease, orthodontic treatment, or to make space for other teeth. It is a common dental procedure that requires careful planning and technique to ensure the patient's safety and comfort.

The other options do not align with the definition of extraction. Filling a cavity involves restoring a tooth that has been damaged by decay, rather than removing it. Polishing teeth is a process aimed at removing surface stains and plaque to enhance their appearance and is not associated with tooth removal. Scaling involves the removal of tartar and plaque from the surface of teeth, particularly below the gumline, which also does not relate to extraction. Hence, the choice of "removing a tooth" accurately captures the meaning of the term in a dental context.