What viral disease causes inflammation of the liver?

Hepatitis B is a viral disease specifically known to cause inflammation of the liver. This virus is part of the Hepadnaviridae family and can lead to both acute and chronic liver infections. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) primarily spreads through contact with infectious body fluids, such as blood or sexual fluids, contributing to its impact on the liver. Chronic infection with HBV can lead to serious complications, including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

While Hepatitis A also causes liver inflammation, it is primarily a short-term infection and is often less severe compared to Hepatitis B. Other options like HIV primarily impact the immune system rather than directly causing liver inflammation, and influenza is a respiratory virus that does not affect the liver specifically. Thus, Hepatitis B is the correct answer due to its direct association with liver inflammation.